|
The use–mention distinction is a foundational concept of analytic philosophy,〔Wheeler (2005) p. 568〕 according to which it is necessary to make a distinction between ''using'' a word (or phrase) and ''mentioning'' it,〔Devitt and Sterelny (1999) pp. 40-1〕〔W.V. Quine (1940) p. 24〕 and many philosophical works have been "vitiated by a failure to distinguish use and mention".〔 The distinction is disputed by non-analytic philosophers.〔 The distinction between use and mention can be illustrated for the word ''cheese'':〔〔 * ''Use'': cheese is derived from milk. * ''Mention'': "cheese" is derived from the Old English word "cyse". The first sentence is a statement about the substance called "cheese"; it ''uses'' the word "cheese" to refer to that substance. The second is a statement about the word "cheese" as a signifier; it ''mentions'' the word without ''using'' it to refer to anything other than itself. == Grammar == In written language, mentioned words or phrases often appear between quotation marks ("Chicago" contains three vowels) or in italics (When I say ''honey'', I mean the sweet stuff that bees make), and style authorities such as ''Strunk and White'' insist that mentioned words or phrases must always be made visually distinct in this manner. Used words or phrases (much more common than mentioned ones) do not bear any typographic distinction. In spoken language, or in absence of the use of stylistic cues such as quotation marks or italics in written language, the audience must identify mentioned words or phrases through semantic and pragmatic cues. If quotation marks are used, it is sometimes the practice to distinguish between the quotation marks used for speech and those used for mentioned words, with double quotes in one place and single in the other: * When Larry said, "That has three letters," he was referring to the word 'bee'. * With reference to "bumbershoot", Peter explained that 'The term refers to an umbrella.' Many authorities recommend against such a distinction, and prefer one style of quotation mark to be used for both purposes,〔For example, ''Butcher's Copy-Editing: the Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors and Proofreaders.'' 4th edition, by Judith Butcher, Caroline Drake and Maureen Leach. Cambridge University Press, 2006. Butcher's recommends against the practice, but ''The Chicago Manual of Style'', section 7.58 (15th edition, 2003), indicates that "philosophers" use single quotes for a practice akin to the use/mention distinction, though it is not explained in this way.〕 which is a much more common practice. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Use–mention distinction」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|